During which period was the Hagia Sophia built?

The Hagia Sophia was built during the Early Byzantine period, specifically commissioned by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century (from 532 to 537 AD). This period is characterized by a distinct shift in art and architecture from the earlier Roman traditions to a more Christian-focused style. The Hagia Sophia is a pivotal example of this transformation, showcasing innovative architectural techniques such as the use of domes and arches that became hallmarks of Byzantine architecture.

The significance of the Hagia Sophia goes beyond its architectural innovations; it also symbolizes the power and prestige of the Byzantine Empire at a time when it was expanding. The interior space, with its vast dome and elaborate mosaics, reflects the spiritual aspirations of the Byzantine church and the empire, making it a central piece of Early Byzantine architecture.

Understanding the context of the Early Byzantine period helps appreciate why the Hagia Sophia is not associated with the Late Antique period, which predates it, nor with the Romanesque and Gothic periods, which emerged later and display different architectural styles and cultural influences. The unique characteristics of the Hagia Sophia distinctly align with Early Byzantine traits, confirming the correctness of the answer.