Which art form demonstrates the transition of Early Medieval society's complexity despite its limitations?

The correct choice reflects the significance of portable artifacts in showcasing the complexities of Early Medieval society. Despite the limitations of the period, such as the lack of permanent structures for public art due to the nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyles of various groups, portable artifacts like jewelry, weapons, and religious items illustrate the cultural, economic, and social developments of the time.

These artifacts often feature intricate designs and craftsmanship that highlight the artistic achievements, trade relationships, and social status within communities. For example, objects adorned with motifs that reflect specific cultural narratives or exhibit advanced metalworking techniques demonstrate not only artistic skill but also the technological advancements of the society.

The other options tend to be less representative of the period. Large public murals would require a more stable and sedentary society, outdoor sculptures would likely be limited in number due to environmental factors and resources, and fresco ceilings would necessitate extensive architectural development that Early Medieval societies had not yet achieved uniformly. Thus, portable artifacts emerge as the primary medium that captures the societal transitions and complexities of this period effectively.