Which material is used in the creation of illuminated manuscripts like the Lindisfarne Gospels?

The creation of illuminated manuscripts such as the Lindisfarne Gospels primarily involved the use of vellum. Vellum is a high-quality material made from the skins of animals, typically calves, sheep, or goats. It is prized for its durability and fine texture, which made it an ideal choice for detailed and intricate artistic work, such as the elaborate illustrations and scripts found in illuminated manuscripts. The smooth surface of vellum allows for vibrant colors and precise detailing, both of which are essential characteristics of the art form.

In contrast, while paper became more common for written works later in history, during the time the Lindisfarne Gospels were created, it was not the primary material used. Wood and canvas do not align with the traditional materials utilized for illuminated manuscripts, as they are not suitable for the detailed painting and writing techniques that define works like the Gospels. Thus, vellum stands out as the correct choice for the material used in this context.